山西医科大学生物学一级学科包括生理学、生物化学与分子生物学、细胞生物学、遗传学以及微生物学等学科。其中，生理学科是全国首批具有硕士学位授予权单位。1986年经国务院学位委员会批准，生理学科成为山西省首批两个博士学位授权单位之一，2002年又被教育部批准为国家重点学科。2007年，细胞生理学实验室被评为教育部省部共建重点实验室。同年，生物学一级学科被国家人事部批准为博士后流动站。生物学一级学科共有教授18人、副教授16人，其中博士生导师12人、硕士生导师25人。师资队伍中有全国著名的神经生理学家乔健天教授、著名的循环生理学家赵荣瑞教授和心脏电生理专家吴博威教授。学科下设2个研究所，即生理学研究所和肝病研究所。学科的主要研究方向包括“神经生理学”、“循环生理学”、“心肌细胞生理学”、“肝脏病理生理学”、“基因工程及生物诊疗”、“胚胎心脏发育”“神经管畸形发育”、“分子遗传学”、“临床微生物学”等。2001以来，学科已完成和在研的国家级项目20余项、省部级项目100余项；荣获省、部级科技进步一等奖6项、二等奖18项；主编或参编学术著作、教材50部；在国际和国家级学术刊物发表论文300余篇，其中被SCI收录近100篇。2006年，生理学科还在太原成功举办了国际脑研究组织的神经科学讲座。目前，本学科已培养研究生500名，其中博士生112名。
The postdoctoral Research Station of Shanxi Medical University in Biological Sciences covers Physiology, Biochemistry and molecular biology, Cytobiology, Genetics and Microbiology. In these Disciplines, Phsiology are the first batch of subjects authorized to offer Master's degree in the Country. In 1986, authorized by the State Council Degree Committee , department of phsiology became one of the first batch subjects having Doctorate authorization inShanxiProvince. In early 2002, department of phsiology was appointed as the key Discipline by Ministry of Education. Cytophysiology laboratory in this station was appointed as Key laboratory builded byShanxiProvinceand Ministry of Education in 2007. In the same year, the Postdoctoral Research Station of Shanxi Medical University in Biological Sciences was authorized by National Human Resources Department. There are 18 professors and 16 vice professors in the postdoctoral research station, including 12 Ph. D. student supervisors. The main research fields of this station refer to neurobiology, cardiovascular physiology, cellular physiology and liver pathophysiology, etc. Since 2001,we have been in charge of about 20 State-level projects and 100 Province or Ministry-level projects. We got 6 the first-level prizes in science and technology of province or ministry-leve, and 18 the second-level prizes. As chief editor or co-editor, we published about 50 academic works and textbooks. Also, we published about 300 papers in international and national academic publications, including nearly 100 SCI papers. In 2006，Physiology department undertook the IBRO (International Brain Research Organization）Neuroscience Course successfully in Taiyuan. Up to now, more than 500 graduate students, including 112 Ph D. students, have been trained here.